Endothelial cysts include lymphangiomatous cysts in 42% and hemangiomatous cysts in 3% of cases. They most often occur secondary to hemorrhage. Histologically, pseudocysts are characterized as having fibrous walls with no endothelial or epithelial component.

36 Generally pseudocysts are the most commonly occurring cystic lesion described in surgery, whereas endothelial cysts are more commonly encountered in autopsy series (up to 45%). from Mayo Clinic evaluated 41 lesions over a 25-year period and found 78% pseudocysts, 19% endothelial cysts, and 2% epithelial cysts. found 31 lesions of which 39% were pseudocysts, 6% endothelial cysts, and 55% epithelial or neuroectogenic cysts. In a retrospective review of adrenal cystic lesions in New York over a 20-year period, Sebastiano et al. 34 The origin of cystic lesions is quite variable among different studies because of variations in patient demographics. 4 Causes are variable and include pseudocysts, endothelial cysts, epithelial cysts, and parasitic cysts.

Rumack MD, FACR, in Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2018 Adrenal CystsĪdrenal cysts are uncommon, accounting for approximately 6% of incidentally detected adrenal lesions. Where there is diagnostic uncertainty and the lesion is greater than 4 cm, these lesions should be excised.Ĭarol M. Aspiration of the cysts to confirm benignity has also been proposed and this has the added benefit of also being therapeutic. Large symptomatic adrenal cysts should be surgically excised, but small, asymptomatic, non-functional cysts with benign characteristics may be treated conservatively with follow-up by ultrasound or computed tomography and biochemical evaluation. If an incidentally discovered adrenal lesion meets all the radiological criteria for an uncomplicated benign simple cyst, a conservative approach is recommended. The presence of solid components, thickened walls and septae increase the likelihood of a necrotic mass or infective cyst rather than a simple cyst.

The lesions demonstrate the expected imaging characteristics of cysts, with fluid attenuation on CT, no enhancement following contrast administration, anechois on ultrasound and low T 1 and high T 2 signal characteristics on MRI ( Fig. These cysts can be categorised into five subtypes, summarised in Table 37.3. Autopsy series report an incidence of 0.06% and most adrenal cysts are detected incidentally but, when large, patients may present with flank pain. Andreas Adam CBE, MB, BS(Hons), PhD, PhD (hon caus), DSc (hon caus), FRCP, FRCR, FRCS, FFRRCSI(Hon), FRANZCR(Hon), FACR(Hon), FMedSci, in Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology, 2021 Adrenal Cystsīenign adrenal cysts are rare, with a range of histological types indistinguishable from each other on imaging.

Meaning of adrenal gland